What do you understand by the technique NAT? and why is NAT so important in IP networks?

VLAN uses protocol standard 802.1Q for encapsulation What is a VLAN? And what protocol standard is used for VLAN encapsulation? When a packet enters an IP routing domain say ( OSPF ), the routers use the IP address information contained in the packet header to guide the packet to the next hop/destination. When a packet enters an MPLS domain, a label is added, this label is what is used to guide the packet through the MPLS domain. MPLS uses labels to switch/route packets as opposed to OSPF which uses the IP address in the packet header to route packets to the destination. What is OSPF? And briefly explain why it is important do divide your OSPF network into multiple areas?Īreas in OSPF help in reducing the routing table size and the LSDB (Link State DataBase) size hence reducing the time required for network convergence and also saving on system resources like the router CPU which is used to run the SPF algorithm.ĭefine MPLS and tell us the main difference between MPLS and the usual interior routing protocols like OSPF? This allows a planner to assign just enough addresses as required by different network sizes. Using VLSM technique you can be able to use a subnet mask of varying length to break down a network address into different subnets of different sizes. VLSM is a technique used by network planners to effectively manage and save IP space. What do you understand by the term VLSM? And why is it so important in IP address planning and management? With reference to the OSI model, at what layer would you place the following devices? Public IP address – These are addresses which are routable on the internet.Private IP address – These are addresses which are NOT routable on the internet.What is the difference between a private IP address and a public IP address? Give examples of where these two categories are applicable. Having so far spent about 10 years working in IP/PS operations, I thought these questions were fair and relevant, please let me know what you think by commenting on this article. In most telecom companies, the IP and Packet Core roles are combined especially if the company is small or mid-sized. Sometime back, the company I worked for asked me to help and prepare a technical assessment to be used by HR in headhunting for an entry level IP/Packet Core Network Engineer.

Mpls interview questions